In most cases, whether in medieval or modern times, the weaker side would avoid pitched battle and concentrate on small scale action and guerrilla warfare. It was one of just two major battles during the Civil War of Stephen and Matilda. Some 1,300 years later, a transcription error led to the name becoming “Grampian” which is the name now given to the Cairngorm Mountains, east and south of the river Spey.ġ138 – Battle of Northallerton, The Battle of Northallerton, also known as the Battle of the Standard, was the first major engagement between English and Scots since the Norman Conquest. It is said that there were up to 30,000 Caledonii who were defeated by the disciplined Roman legions in the only known battle in the north. The precise place where the Caledonian leader, Calgacus, met the Roman advance led by Agricola is not known but it was probably in northeast Scotland in what is now Aberdeenshire. Following is a list of the more notable battles and conflicts:Ĩ4 AD – Battle of Mons Grauius. They also fought against each other clan against clan.
And, it has to be said, it was not unknown for the Scots to initiate the contest by invading their larger neighbor. Many battles, but not all, were fought against the English. There were glorious victories and terrible defeats. Scotland’s development was influenced by the outcome of the many battles and conflicts which took place on her soil – or over the Border in England. The centuries of military struggle between Scotland and England produced some epic contests, and they are still seared into the folk memory of the two countries, from the humbling of English knighthood at the spear points of doughty Scots commoners at Bannockburn in 1314 to the death of Scotland’s impetuous but chivalrous King James IV at Flodden in 1513.
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